Ectopic expression of OsMADS45 activates the upstream genes Hd3a and RFT1 at an early development stage causing early flowering in rice

Botanical Studies

Table 1 Agronomic traits of TNG67 and Ubi:OsMADS45 transgenic rice plants

Characteristics	TNG67^a	45OX-1^a	45OX-2^a	45OX-4^a	45OX-5^a
Heading date ^b	89 ± 3	51 ± 2	46 ± 3	48 ± 4	50 ± 4
Plant height ^c (cm)	93.4 ± 4.1	48.3 ± 6.4	54.0 ± 5.3	49.1 ± 11.6	53.6 ± 12.8
Panicle length (cm)	20.2 ± 2.3	11.3 ± 1.0	12.7 ± 2.2	11.6 ± 2.7	11.5 ± 2.0
Tiller number ^c	23 ± 4	13 ± 3	14 ± 3	15 ± 4	16 ± 3
Fertility rate ^d (%)	95.8 ± 1.8	16.6 ± 9.2	45.2 ± 15.9	30.7 ± 22.3	37.6 ± 20.1
WTS ^e (g)	22 ± 0.8 (100%)	14.8 ± 2.0 (67%)	16.2 ± 1.3 (73%)	16.9 ± 0.8 (76%)	14.6 ± 0.6 (66%)
Number of spikelets per panicle	105 ± 15 (100%)	52 ± 22 (50%)	52 ± 12 (50%)	61 ± 15 (58%)	53 ± 17 (50%)
Grain yield ^f (g)	44.7 ± 7.7 (100%)	3.5 ± 2.0 (8%)	8.5 ± 3.2 (19%)	7.5 ± 6.7 (17%)	8.1 ± 4.5 (18%)
Shoot dry weight ^g (g)	46.9 ± 8.6 (100%)	10.8 ± 3.6 (23%)	17.7 ± 4.4 (38%)	14.9 ± 8.8 (32%)	16.3 ± 8.3 (35%)
PR ^h (μmole m^-2 s^-1)	10.5 ± 1.1	12.7 ± 2.4	13.2 ± 2.2	11.4 ± 2.3	10.4 ± 2.4

^a The plant number of TNG67 was 27, 45OX-1 was 15, 45OX-2 was 13, 45OX-4 was 20, and 45OX-5 was 20.
^b Heading date was the date when the panicles protruding from the flag leaf sheath.
^c Plant height and total tiller number were measured on 104 DAI.
^d Fertility rate was the percentage of spikelets that set fertile seeds.
^e Weight of one thousand seeds (WTS) was the weight counted with 50 seeds and multiplied by 20.
^f Grain yield was the total weight of grains produced from one plant.
^g Shoot dry weight was the weight of the up-ground part of rice without the grains.
^h Photosynthetic rate (PR) was measured at noon on 68 DAI.