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Botanical Studies

Table 1 2 × 2 contingency table or species association table

From: Interspecific associations of dominant tree populations in a virgin old-growth oak forest in the Qinling Mountains, China

 

Species B

∑

Present

Absent

Species A

Present

a

b

m = a + b

Absent

c

d

n = c + d

∑

r = a + c

s = b + d

N = a + b + c + d

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