Fig. 2

Relative value of actual PSII efficiency (ΔF/F’m) and potential quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm; Fv/Fm value of the same leaves before illumination set as 100%) obtained at artificial illumination of 60 min and subsequent dark recovery for 30 min (2 ~ 30 min dark) for 6-month (panel A) and 2.4-year (panel B) seedlings of Mahonia oiwakensis under 50, 100, 300, 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 μmol m⁻² s.⁻¹ PPFD at 25 °C. Vertical bars indicate standard errors, and each point represents the mean of 5 leaves. Different letters indicate significant differences in Tukey's HSD analyses for seven LI treatments (p < 0.05)