Salt tolerance mechanisms in Salt Tolerant Grasses (STGs) and their prospects in cereal crop improvement

Roy, Swarnendu; Chakraborty, Usha

doi:10.1186/1999-3110-55-31

Botanical Studies

Table 2 Genes from STGs and non-STGs imparting enhanced salinity tolerance in transgenic studies

From: Salt tolerance mechanisms in Salt Tolerant Grasses (STGs) and their prospects in cereal crop improvement

Source	Gene	Description	Target organism	Inference	Reference
Agropyron elongatum*	AeNHX1	Vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter	Arabidopsis sp.	Root specific compartmentation of Na⁺ ions	Qiao et al. 2007
Agropyron elongatum*	AeNHX1	Vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter	Festuca sp.	Root specific compartmentation of Na⁺ ions	Qiao et al. 2007
Aeluropus littoralis*	AlNHX1	Vacuolar Na⁺/K⁺ antiporters	Nicotiana tabacum	Compartmentalize more Na⁺ in roots and keep a relatively high K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in leaves	Zhang et al. 2008
Aeluropus littoralis*	AlSAP	Two conserved zinc-finger domains A20 and AN1	Nicotiana tabacum	Transgenic plants able to set seed at up to 350 mM NaCl	Saad et al. 2010
Chloris virgata*	ChlMT1	Metallothioneine	Saccharomyces	Increases tolerance to salinity and ROS	Nishiuchi et al. 2007
Hordeum vulgare	HVA1	Encodes a group of 3 late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins	Morus alba	Enhanced salinity tolerance by increased accumulation of proline	Lal et al. 2008
Hordeum vulgare	HvNHX2	Vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter	Arabidopsis thaliana	Able to grow at 200 mM NaCl	Bayat et al. 2011
Leymus chinensis*	LcDREB3a	Dehydration-responsive element-binding transcription factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	Improved abiotic stress tolerance including salinity with no retardation in growth	Xianjun et al. 2011
Leymus chinensis*	LcMYB-1	MYB related transcription factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	Enhanced salinity tolerance due to increased accumulation of proline and soluble sugars	Cheng et al. 2013
Oryza rufipogon	OrbHLH001	Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein gene	Arabidopsis thaliana	Improved salinity tolerance in transgenic plants	Li et al. 2010
Oryza sativa	OsNHX1	Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter	Populus sp.	transgenic plants grew normally in the presence of 200 mM/l NaCl	Wang et al. 2005
Paspalum vaginatum*	PvUGE1	Putative UDP-galactose epimerase	Oryza sativa	Enhanced salinity tolerance	Endo et al. 2005
Paspalum vaginatum*	PvMET1	Metallothioneine	Oryza sativa	Enhanced salinity tolerance	Endo et al. 2005
Pennisetum glaucum*	PgNHX1	Vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter	Oryza sativa	Induced more extensive root system and completion of life cycle of rice at 150 mM NaCl	Verma et al. 2007
Porteresia coarctata*	PcINO1	Synthesis of L- myoinositol-1 phosphate synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	Tobacco plants showed growth in 200–300 mM NaCl	Majee et al.2004
Porteresia coarctata*	PcSrp	Root-specific cDNA encoding serine-rich-protein	Eleusine coracana	Transgenic plants able to grow and set seed at 250 mM NaCl	Mahalakshmi et al.2006
Puccinellia tenuiflora*	PutAPx	Ascorbate peroxidase coding gene	Saccharomyces	Imparted higher resistance to salinity induced oxidative stress	Guan et al.2011
Puccinellia tenuiflora*	AKT-1-type-K ⁺ channel	Plasma membrane K⁺ channel protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	Increased accumulation of K⁺ ion as compared to Na⁺	Ardie et al. 2010
Spartina alterniflora*	SaVHAC1	Vacuolar H⁺ ATPase subunit C1	Oryza sativa	Enhanced salinity tolerance in rice	Baisakh et al. 2012
Spartina alterniflora*	SaSce9	Small ubiquitin related modifier (SUMO) conjugating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	Enhanced salinity and drought tolerance by inducing stress responsive genes	Karan and Subudhi 2012
Triticum aestivum	TaNIP	Nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (novel aquaporin gene)	Arabidopsis thaliana	Enhanced salt tolerance by accumulation of higher K⁺ and proline	Gao et al. 2010
	TaST	Unknown salt-induced gene	Arabidopsis thaliana	Enhanced salt tolerance by accumulating more Ca²⁺, soluble sugar, and proline and less Na⁺	Huang et al. 2012
	TaNHX2	Vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter	Medicago sativa	Enhanced salt tolerance	Zhang et al. 2012
Zea mays	ZmPMP3-1	Plasma membrane protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	Enhanced salinity tolerance by regulation of ion homeostasis and ROS scavenging	Fu et al. 2012

(*) indicates Grasses considered as STG model plants.

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