Role of L-ascorbate in alleviating abiotic stresses in crop plants

Venkatesh, Jelli; Park, Se Won

doi:10.1186/1999-3110-55-38

Botanical Studies

Table 2 Transgenic approaches for overproduction of L-ascorbate in plants

From: Role of L-ascorbate in alleviating abiotic stresses in crop plants

Enzyme	Target plant	Gene	Gene source	Type of genetic manipulation	Ascorbate content	Phenotypic change	Reference
GDP-l-galactose phosphorylases	Tomato	GGP/ VTC2	Actinidia chinensis	Overexpression	3.0–6.0-fold increase in fruits	–	Bulley et al. 2012
	Strawberry			Overexpression	2.0-fold increase in fruits	–
	Potato		Potato/Arabidopsis	Overexpression	Up to 3.0-fold increase in tuber	–
GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase	Potato	GMPase	Potato	Antisense downregulation	0.88–1.44-fold reduction in leaves	Dark spots on leaf veins and stems	Keller et al. 1999
GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase					0.56-fold reduction in tubers	Early senesce	Keller et al. 1999
GDP-Mannose 3’,5’-epimerase	Tomato	SlGME1	Tomato	Overexpression	Up to 1.42-fold increase in leaves	Improved tolerance to various abiotic stresses such as cold, salt and MV	Zhang et al. 2011
					Up to 1.60-fold increase in fruits
		SlGME2		Overexpression	Up to 1.37-fold increase in leaves
					Up to 1.24-fold increase in fruits
L-galactose guanyltransferase	Tobacco	GalT	Kiwifruit	Transient expression (leaves)	Up to 3.0-fold increase	–	Laing et al. 2007
L-Galactose dehydrogenase	Tobacco	L-GalDH	Arabidopsis	Overexpression	No change	–	Gatzek et al. 2002
L-Galactose dehydrogenase	Arabidopsis		Arabidopsis	Antisense downregulation	0.7-fold decrease	–
L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase	Rice	L-GalLDH	Rice	RNAi	0.6–0.87-fold decrease	Slow plant growth rate and poor seed set	Liu et al. 2011
			Rice	Overexpression	Up to 1.48-fold increase	Increased NPR and higher seed set	Liu et al. 2011
	Tomato	SlGalLDH	Tomato	RNAi	No change	Slow plant growth rate	Alhagdow et al. 2007
						Strong reduction in leaf and fruit size	Alhagdow et al. 2007
	Rice	L-GalLDH	Rice	RNAi	0.3– 0.5-fold decrease	Slow growth rate, reduced tiller number, decreased NPR and premature senescence	Liu et al. 2013b
L-gulono-c-lactone oxidase	Arabidopsis	GLOase	Rat	Overexpression	Up to 2.0–3.0-fold increase	–	Radzio et al. 2003
	Lettuce	GLOase	Rat	Overexpression	4.0–7.0-fold increase	–	Jain and Nessler 2000
	Tobacco			Overexpression	Up to 7.0-fold increase	–	Jain and Nessler 2000
	Tomato	GLOase	Rat	Overexpression	1.5-fold increase in fruits	Enhanced tolerance to MV, NaCl, and mannitol	Lim et al. 2012
	Potato	GLOase	Rat	Overexpression	Up to 1.41-fold increase	Enhanced tolerance to MV, NaCl, and mannitol	Hemavathi et al. 2010
D-galacturonic acid reductase	Arabidopsis	GalUR	Strawberry	Overexpression	2.0–3.0-fold increase	–	Agius et al. 2003
	Potato	GalUR	Strawberry	Overexpression	1.6–2.0-fold increase	Enhanced tolerance to MV, NaCl, and mannitol	Hemavathi et al. 2009
	Tomato (Hairy Roots)	GalUR	Strawberry	Overexpression	2.5-fold increase	High growth rate	Wevar Oller et al. 2009
Monodehydroascorbate reductase	Tomato	LeMDAR	Tomato	Overexpression	Up to 1.18-fold increase	Enhanced tolerance to temperature (low/high) and MV stresses	Li et al. 2010
						High NPR
				Antisense downregulation	Up to 1.3-fold decrease	Susceptible to various abiotic stresses
	Tomato	MDAR	Tomato	Overexpression	0.7-fold reduced in fruits	–	Haroldsen et al. 2011
					No change in leaves		Haroldsen et al. 2011
Dehydroascorbate reductase	Tomato	DHAR	Tomato	Overexpression	1.6-fold increase in fruits	–	Haroldsen et al. 2011
					No change in leaves		Haroldsen et al. 2011
	Maize (Kernels)	DHAR	Wheat	Overexpression	6.0-fold increase	–	Naqvi et al. 2009
	Maize	DHAR	Wheat	Overexpression	Up to 1.8-fold (leaves) and 1.9–fold (kernels) increase	–	Chen et al. 2003
	Tobacco	DHAR	Wheat	Overexpression	2.2–3.9-fold increase	–	Chen et al. 2003
	Tobacco	DHAR	Rice	Overexpression	Up to 1.6-fold increase	Enhanced tolerance to salt and cold stresses	Le Martret et al. 2011
	Tobacco	DHAR	Human	Overexpression (chloroplasts)	1.1-fold increase	Increased SOD and APX activities in conjunction via triple gene construct	Lee et al. 2007
						Increased tolerance to MV and NaCl induced stress	Lee et al. 2007
	Potato	DHAR	Sesame	Overexpression	1.1–1.3-fold increase in tuber with patatin promoter	–	Goo et al. 2008
				Overexpression	1.5- and 1.6-fold increase in leaves and tuber respectively, with CaMV35S promoter	1.5- and 1.6-fold increase in leaves and tuber respectively, with CaMV35S promoter	Goo et al. 2008
	Potato	StDHAR1	Potato	Overexpression (Cytosol)	Up to 0.69-fold increase in leaves	–	Qin et al. 2011
					Up to 0.29-fold increase in tubers
					Up to 0.50-fold increase in leaves	–
		StDHAR2		Overexpression (Chloroplast)	No significant change in tubers
	Arabidopsis	DHAR1	Rice	Overexpression	> 1.4-fold increase	Enhanced tolerance to salt stress	Ushimaru et al. 2006
	Arabidopsis	DHAR	Arabidopsis	Overexpression	2.0–4.25-fold increase	Enhanced tolerance to high–light and high–temperature stress	Wang et al. 2010
Myoinositol oxygenase	Arabidopsis	miox4	Arabidopsis	Overexpression	2.0–3.0-fold increase	–	Lorence et al. 2004

MV, methyl viologen; NPR, net photosynthetic rate; RNAi, RNA interference.

Back to article page