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Table 3 Effects of HWP_GLR, HWP_GLRF, and inulin on bacterial growths

From: Effects of hot-water extracts from Ganoderma lucidum residues and solid-state fermentation residues on prebiotic and immune-stimulatory activities in vitro and the powdered residues used as broiler feed additives in vivo

Treatment

Growth stimulation index

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

Bifidobacterium longum

Escherichia coli

Blank

1.0 ± 0.4 a#

1 ± 0.07 a

1.0 ± 1.3 a

Inulin (40 mg/ml)

3.0 ± 0.2 b

3.3 ± 0.2 b

N.D.

HWP_GLR

   

 5 mg/ml

11.1 ± 4.5 c

0.8 ± 0.7 a

1.1 ± 1.1 a

 10 mg/ml

83.2 ± 9.3 f

100.3 ± 22.0 d

3.4 ± 1.1 a

HWP_GLRF

   

 5 mg/ml

38.9 ± 7.0 d

5.1 ± 1.6 b

0.6 ± 0.6 a

 10 mg/ml

67.2 ± 1.0 e

63.7 ± 9.9 c

2.2 ± 1.0 a

  1. N.D. not detected
  2. #All data were calculated as means ± SD and multiple group comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by the post hoc Tukey’s test for comparisons. Values not sharing the same alphabetic letter were significantly different (P < 0.05)