Figs. 1–18

Menispermaceae endocarps. 1–5 Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (DC.) Forman (PPI, P. H. Chen 502). 1 Lateral view, obscure transverse ridges with a prominent perforation. 2 Dorsal view, a groove. 3 Ventral view, vascular trace. 4 Sagittal view, immature seed. 5 Sagittal view empty, inner endocarp. 6–9. Cocculus laurifolius DC. (PPI, P. H. Chen 964). 6 Lateral view, unequal length of limbs. 7 Dorsal view, conspicuous dorsal convex, surface with reticulated ridges. 8 Sagittal view, seed. 9 Sagittal view empty, inner endocarp. 10–13 Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC. (PPI, P. H. Chen 769). 10 Lateral view, same length of limbs. 11 Dorsal view, surface with reticulated ridges. 12 Sagittal view, seed. 13 Sagittal view empty, inner endocarp. 14–18 Cyclea gracillima Diels (PPI, P. H. Chen 564). 14 Lateral view, two lateral ridges with conspicuous chambers and spines. 15 Dorsal view, two dorsal ridges, dorsal convex. 16 Ventral view, vascular trace. 17 Sagittal view, seed, and same length of limbs. 18 Sagittal view empty, inner endocarp. ch chamber, co condyle, g groove, is immature seed, ms mature seed, l limb, p perforated, re reticulated, s spine, tr transverse ridges, vt vascular trace