Figs. 19–37

Menispermaceae endocarps. 19–23 Cyclea insularis (Makino) Hatusima (TAIF, Chiu & Chen 4116). 19 Lateral view, two lateral ridges with outer wall of chambers and spines. 20 Dorsal view, two dorsal ridges with spines. 21 Ventral view, vascular trace. 22 Sagittal view, seed, showing unequal length of limbs. 23 Sagittal view empty, inner endocarp. 24–28 Cyclea ochiaiana (Yamam.) S. F. Huang & T. C. Huang (PPI, P. H. Chen 513). 24 Lateral view, conspicuous chambers and spines. 25 Dorsal view, two dorsal ridges with spines. 26 Ventral view, vascular trace. 27 Sagittal view, seeds, showing unequal length of limbs. 28 Sagittal view empty, inner endocarp. 29–33 Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr. (PPI, P. H. Chen 430). 29 Lateral view, broad dorsal crests. 30 Dorsal view, conspicuous spines, 31 Ventral view, vascular trace. 32 Sagittal view, seeds exhibits conspicuous ribs, unequal length of limbs. 33 Sagittal view empty, inner endocarp with convex ribs. 34–37 Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson (TAIF, Chung et al. 11713). 34 Lateral view, vascular trace near one limb and a vascular notch, number of short transverse ridges (protuberance) >26. 35 Dorsal view, number of dorsal ridges >26. 36 Sagittal view, seed crescent–shaped with ribs. 37 Sagittal view empty, entry of lateral vascular tube. a aperture, br broad ridge, ch chamber, co condyle, g groove, is immature seed, ms mature seed, p perforated, r ribs, s spine, tr transverse ridges, vt vascular trace