Fig. 1From: Effective Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for callus and roots of halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)The transient transformation efficiencies of ice plant callus after infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 strain harboring the pBISN1 binary vector. a Transformation rates of 14-day-old callus co-incubated with 3 bacteria concentration solutions for 48 h and recovered for 24 or 48 h after infections. More than 2 × 105 callus-derived cells were infected with A. tumefaciens strain for each independent transformation assay. Data are mean ± SD from at least 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 comparing ice plant callus-infected with 2.5 or 5 × 109 cfu mL−1 bacteria and callus-infected with 1.25 × 109 cfu mL−1 bacteria after same period of recovery time based on pairwise Student t-test. b Transformation efficiency of callus collected on different days. Callus was co-cultured with A. tumefaciens solutions for 48 h and recovered for 24 h after infection. *P < 0.05 comparing 7-, 10-, or 14-day-old infected callus and 5-day-old infected callus under the same bacteria concentration based on pairwise Student t-test. c Representative results of transformed ice plant callus-derived cells (left panel) showing GUS staining and untransformed callus-derived cells (right panel). Bar = 50 μm. d Genomic DNA PCR results of the GUS reporter gene and the endogenous ice plant phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC1) gene in 7-day-old transformed and untransformed callus. The arrow on the right indicates predicted band size. The A. tumefaciens EHA105 strain harboring pBISN1 was a positive control. Distilled water was a negative controlBack to article page