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Fig. 1 | Botanical Studies

Fig. 1

From: Effective Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for callus and roots of halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)

Fig. 1

The transient transformation efficiencies of ice plant callus after infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 strain harboring the pBISN1 binary vector. a Transformation rates of 14-day-old callus co-incubated with 3 bacteria concentration solutions for 48 h and recovered for 24 or 48 h after infections. More than 2 × 105 callus-derived cells were infected with A. tumefaciens strain for each independent transformation assay. Data are mean ± SD from at least 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 comparing ice plant callus-infected with 2.5 or 5 × 109 cfu mL−1 bacteria and callus-infected with 1.25 × 109 cfu mL−1 bacteria after same period of recovery time based on pairwise Student t-test. b Transformation efficiency of callus collected on different days. Callus was co-cultured with A. tumefaciens solutions for 48 h and recovered for 24 h after infection. *P < 0.05 comparing 7-, 10-, or 14-day-old infected callus and 5-day-old infected callus under the same bacteria concentration based on pairwise Student t-test. c Representative results of transformed ice plant callus-derived cells (left panel) showing GUS staining and untransformed callus-derived cells (right panel). Bar = 50 μm. d Genomic DNA PCR results of the GUS reporter gene and the endogenous ice plant phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC1) gene in 7-day-old transformed and untransformed callus. The arrow on the right indicates predicted band size. The A. tumefaciens EHA105 strain harboring pBISN1 was a positive control. Distilled water was a negative control

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