From: Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph. ex Ker Gawl. from its discovery to its invasive status: a review
Region | Not mentioned | Cultivated | Escaped from cultivation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Reference | Year | Reference | Year | Reference | |
Europe | ||||||
Spain | ||||||
Galicia: Muros and peninsula del Morrazo | 2000 | Silva-Pando et al. (2009) | ||||
Atlantic Islands | ||||||
Trinidad | ||||||
1864 | Grisebach (1864) | 1892 | Caracciolo et al. (1892) | |||
1869 | Prestoe (1869) | 2016 | Baksh-Comeau et al. (2016) | |||
2020 | Government of Trinidad and Tobago (2021) | |||||
Jamaica | ||||||
1864 | Grisebach (1864) | 1893 | Fawcett (1893) | |||
Cinchona | 1913 | Goodland & Healey (1996) | ||||
Madeira | ||||||
Madeira Island | 1832-55a | Lowe (1857) | ||||
São Vicente | 1894 | Menezes (1894) | ||||
Funchal Gardens | 1914 | Menezes (1914) | ||||
Azores | ||||||
S. Miguel | 1847 | Canto (1847) | 1851 | Canto (1851) | 1894–96 | Trelease (1897) |
Flores | 1894–96 | Trelease (1897) | ||||
Ascension | ||||||
1836 | Darwin (1845) | |||||
1851 | Seemann (1852–1857) | |||||
2004 | Fairhurst (2004) | |||||
Elliots path | 2020 | Croson (2020) | ||||
Cuba | ||||||
1989 | Esquivel et al. (1989) | 2003 | Shagarodsky (2003) | |||
Parque Nacional La Bayamesa | 2005 | Sanchez-Ruiz (2005) | ||||
2008 | De Zayas (2008) | 2011 | Gonzaléz et al. (2012) | |||
Canaries | ||||||
Tenerife Island | ||||||
Orotava | 1893 | Wilks & Weathers (1896) | ||||
Orotava | 1923 | Menéndez (1923) | ||||
Parque García Sanabria | 1990 | Rodriguez (1990) | ||||
Parque García Sanabria | 2000 | Reyes Y Pérez (2001) | ||||
Rural Park of Anaga | 2011 | Dela Rosa et al. (2014) | ||||
Martinique | ||||||
Surroundings of Saint Pierre [P01674257] | 1853 Reflora (2021) (probably cultivated) | |||||
Americas | ||||||
Brazil | ||||||
Minas Gerais | ||||||
Ouro Preto [MO1344768] | 1895 | Reflora (2021) | ||||
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora | 2018 | Tavares-Silva et al. (2018) | ||||
Paraná | ||||||
Antonina (Specimen 32.755) | 1974 | |||||
Tijucas do Sul, Represa do Vossoroca (Guaratuba Environmental Protection Area) | 2004 | Blum et al. (2005) | ||||
Guaraqueçaba | 2008 | |||||
São Paulo | ||||||
Municipal Natural Park of Cratera de Colônia | 2009 | |||||
Rio de Janeiro | 1890 | Martius et al. (1890) | ||||
Andarai Grande [P01674255] | 1871 | Reflora (2021) | ||||
Tijuca [R010065496] | 1886 | Reflora (2021) | ||||
Jardim Botânico | 1937 | Penna (1937) | ||||
Itatiaia National Park | 2013 | |||||
Santa Catarina | ||||||
São Bento do Sul | 2019 | Meyer and Schwirkowski (2019) | ||||
Mexico | ||||||
Chiapas (Cerro Ovando) | 1950 | Matuda (1950) | ||||
Chiapas (Mapastepec) | 2005–07 | Ayuntamiento Municipal (2005/07) | ||||
Oaxaca | 2019 | Dirección General de Impacto y Riesgo Ambiental (2019) | ||||
Campeche | 2011 | González-Lazo (2011) | ||||
Honduras | ||||||
1975 | Molina (1975) | 2008 | Sutherland (2008) | |||
Africa | ||||||
South Africa | ||||||
1898 | Baker (1898) | |||||
1991 | Macdonald (1991) | |||||
Kwazulu-Natal | 1894b | Wood (1895) | 1998 | |||
Kruger National Park (Mpumalanga and Limpopo) | 1999 | |||||
Zimbabwe | ||||||
Vumba Botanic Garden | 2004 | Hyde et al. (2021) | ||||
Harare | 2006/2020 | Hyde et al. (2021) | ||||
Juliasdale | 2014 | Hyde et al. (2021) | ||||
Chimanimani | 2015 | Hyde et al. (2021) | ||||
Swaziland | ||||||
1998 | Smith (1998) | 2021 | Swaziland's Alien Plants Database (2021) | |||
Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary/islanddweller | 2021 | |||||
Indian Ocean Islands | ||||||
Réunion Island | ||||||
Saint Denis Botanical Garden | 1820/25 | |||||
Saint Denis Botanical Garden | 1825 | Breon (1825) | ||||
Saint Denis Botanical Garden | 1856 | Richard (1856) | ||||
1910/11 | Commissioner of Agriculture for the West Indies (1912) | 1895 | Cordemoy (1895) | |||
Mauritius | ||||||
1877 | Baker (1877) | 2021 | Mascarine Cadetiana (2021) | |||
Rivière Noir | 1837c | Bojer (1837) | ||||
Australia | ||||||
Queensland, Brisbane | 1875 | Hill (1875) | ||||
Victoria, Melbourne | 1883 | Guilfoyle (1883) | ||||
New South Wales, Morisset [NSW 687345] | 1920 | AVH (2021) | ||||
New South Wales, Ingleburn | 1968 | Csurhes & Hannan-Jones (2016) | ||||
South Australia [AD 281835] | 2018 | AVH (2021) | ||||
Pacific Ocean Islands | ||||||
New Zealand | ||||||
1841 | Hooker (1853) | 1865 | Ludlam (1865) | |||
North Island | 1940 | Allan (1940) | ||||
South Island [CHR: 81,349, 481,420; 326,334 A, HO538398] | 1953/75/77/86 | AVH (2021)d | ||||
Auckland | 1949 | Williams et al. (2003) | ||||
Chatham Island [AK307272] | Before 2009, AVH (2021) (cultivated or escaped) | |||||
Hawai’i | ||||||
1934 | Degener (1934) | |||||
Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park (Park residential area) | 1947 | Fagerlund (1947) | ||||
Hawai’i | 1954 | Stone et al. (1992) | ||||
O’ahu | 1975 | Stone et al. (1992) | ||||
All islands | 1985 | Smith (1985) | ||||
Fiji | ||||||
Viti Levu | 1979 | Smith (1979) | ||||
Viti Levu: Nukunuku, Nadala and Qaliwana Creeks | 2002/04 | Boseto (2006) | ||||
Asia | ||||||
Vietnam | ||||||
Ho Chi Minh (Saigon) [CLF082528] | 1909 | IHU (2021) | ||||
1993 | Ho (1993) | |||||
Cat Ba national park | 2012 | Tan et al. (2012) |