Fig. 3

Seed germination and seedling development of C. subtropicum. A Mature seeds. Scale bar = 1 mm. B Swelling of the embryos results in seed coat rupture. Scale bar = 2 mm. C The protocorms have enlarged, and shoot tips are apparent. Scale bar = 2 mm. D Before shoot elongation, several roots protrude and grow quickly. Scale bar = 3 mm. E Shoot buds with numerous developing roots after 4 months of culture. Scale bar = 7 mm. F After removal from the flasks, the shoot buds are elongated with expanding leaves. Scale bar = 10 mm