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Table 2 A summary of the frequency of Rhizoctonia-like fungi acquired from roots of orchids inhabiting the Itremo Massif of the Central Highlands of Madagascar during April–May 2013 (dry season)

From: Techniques for the collection, transportation, and isolation of orchid endophytes from afar: a case study from Madagascar

Growth habit

Orchid

Site

Sample

Fungus (# strains)

Lithophytic

Angraecum coutrixii

1, 3

Seedling

None

 

Angraecum longicalcar

2

Mature

None

 

Angraecum magdalenae

3

Seedling

None

 

Angraecum protensum

1

Seedling

Mature

None

None

 

Angraecum rutenbergianum

1

Seedling

None

 

Angraecum sororium

3

Seedling

None

 

Oeceoclades sp.

2

Mature

None

Epiphytic

Aerangis sp.

7

Seedling

Ceratobasidium (3)

 

Aerangus citrata

5

Seedling

None

 

Angraecum sp.

5

Seedling

None

 

Angraecum protensum

1

Seedling

None

 

Angraecum rutenbergianum

3

Seedling

None

 

Bulbophyllum sp.

3

Seedling

None

 

Jumellea denisfolliata

5

Seedling

None

 

Polystachya concreta

1

Seedling 1

Seedling 2

None

Tulasnella (7), Sebacina (6)

 

Polystachya culturiformis

7

Seedling

None

Terrestrial

Benthamia sp.

1

Mature

None

 

Benthamia glaberrima

3

Mature

None

 

Benthamia rostratum

4

Juvenile

Tulasnella (1)

 

Calanthe sp.

7

Mature

None

 

Cynorkis gibbosa

7

Mature

None

 

Cynorkis purpurea

7

Seedling

Ceratobasidium (7)

Tulasnella (3), Sebacina (1)

 

Disa incarnata

3

Mature

None

 

Eulophia macra

2

Mature

Tulasnella callospora (1)

 

Graphorkis concolor

7

Mature

Ceratobasidium (1)

 

Habenaria sp.

1

Mature

None

 

Habenaria ambositrana

1

Juvenile

None

3

Seedling

Tulasnella (4), sebacina (1)

 

Satyrium trinerve

4

Mature

None

 

Tylostigma sp.

4

Mature

None

 

Tylostigma nigrescens

4

Seedling

Tulasnella (5)

  1. Fungal genera listed represent provisional identifications carried out at the time of isolation, based on cultural characteristics described by Currah et al. (1997). Growth habit reflects the substrate where the individual orchid was actually rooted at the time of collection. Collection sites: 1 exposed rocks, occasional tapia trees, 2 exposed marble outcrop, 3 exposed rocks, sandy stream bed, gnarled small trees, 4 open grassland, moist soil, occasional rocks, 5 reduced forest (canopy ca. 20 m), 6 exposed ridges, montane vegetation, 7 dense shaded forest, downhill stream. With one exception (2), all sites were within 5 km of one another
  2. Terrestrial seedlings = 3/3, epiphytic seedlings = 2/10, lithophytic seedlings = 0/5
  3. Terrestrial juveniles = 1/2, epiphytic juveniles = NA, lithophytic juveniles = NA
  4. Terrestrial mature = 2/10, epiphytic mature = NA, lithophytic mature = 0/3
  5. Total terrestrial = 6/15 (40%), total epiphytic = 2/10 (20%), total lithophytic = 0/8 (0%)