Phylogeography of Begonia luzhaiensis suggests both natural and anthropogenic causes for the marked population genetic structure

Botanical Studies

Table 3 Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for Begonia luzhaiensis based on EST-SSR loci and trnC-ycf6 spacer sequence (cpDNA)

Source of variation	EST-SSR					cpDNA
Source of variation	d.f.	Sum of squares	Variance components	Fixation indices	Percentage of variation	d.f.	Sum of squares	Variance components	Fixation indices	Percentage of variation
(a) Non-grouping
Among populations	2	196.28	0.932		56.288*	2	65.36	0.782		63.46**
Within populations	321	232.25	0.724	F_st = 0.563	43.72**	128	57.66	0.450	F_st = 0.635	36.54**
Total	323	429.53	1.656			130	123.02	1.232
(b) Grouping^a
Among groups	2	196.28	0.798	F_ct = 0.483	48.32**	2	65.36	0.563	F_ct = 0.457	44.73**
Among populations within groups	9	81.32	0.369	F_sc = 0.433	22.38**	13	54.26	0.640	F_sc = 0.956	51.89**
Within populations	312	150.94	0.484	F_st = 0.707	29.30*	116	3.40	0.029	F_st = 0.976	2.38**
Total	323	428.53	1.651			130	123.02	1.233

F_st: fixation index within population; F_sc: fixation index among populations within groups; F_ct: fixation index among groups
* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.001
^aGrouping based on Structure and PCoA’s results