Morphological and genetic characteristics of F1 hybrids introgressed from Brassica napus to B. rapa in Taiwan

Tu, Yuan-Kai; Chen, Han-Wei; Tseng, Kuang-Yu; Lin, Yen-Chun; Kuo, Bo-Jein

doi:10.1186/s40529-019-0279-5

Botanical Studies

Table 2 Results of morphology examination of the B. napus and B. rapa varieties and the F₁ hybrids

From: Morphological and genetic characteristics of F₁ hybrids introgressed from Brassica napus to B. rapa in Taiwan

	Rossette leaves			Stem leaves			Plant height (cm)^c		Blooming period (days)^d
	Colour^a	Wax^b	Lobe^b	Colour^a	Wax^b	Lobe^b	Plant height (cm)^c		Blooming period (days)^d
Parents
M1 (♀)	1 (50%)^e	1 (66.7%)	1 (100%)	1 (96.7%)	1 (100%)	1 (100%)	129.7 ± 16.7	K^f	13.7 ± 6.4	H
M1 (♀)	2 (50%)	2 (33.3%)		2 (3.3%)
M2 (♀)	1 (50%)	1 (66.7%)	1 (100%)	1 (96.7%)	1 (100%)	1 (100%)	159.7 ± 15.5	K	23.1 ± 7.1	H
M2 (♀)	2 (50%)	2 (33.3%)		2 (3.3%)
M3 (♀)	1 (6.7%)	1 (60%)	1 (100%)	2 (20%)	1 (100%)	1 (100%)	90.83 ± 12.6	L	19.1 ± 5.2	G
	2 (23.3%)	2 (40%)		3 (80%)
	3 (70%)
P1 (♂)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	215.4 ± 12.0	FG	34.2 ± 8.8	B
P2 (♂)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	198.9 ± 31.5	H	29.6 ± 7.9	CDE
P3 (♂)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	201.5 ± 12.1	H	31.9 ± 7.9	BCD
P4 (♂)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	220.7 ± 14.7	CDEFG	31.3 ± 8.4	BCD
P5 (♂)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	166.8 ± 11.2	I	26.5 ± 5.6	EF
F₁ hybrids (♀ × ♂)
M1 × P1	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	228.6 ± 23.5	ABC	35.0 ± 11.9	B
M1 × P2	2 (20%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	230.5 ± 16.3	AB	32.9 ± 9.1	BC
M1 × P2	3 (80%)
M1 × P3	2 (10%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	221.4 ± 22.8	BCDEFG	31.5 ± 6.5	BCD
M1 × P3	3 (90%)
M1 × P4	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	219.4 ± 15.7	DEFG	33.9 ± 7.8	B
M1 × P5	2 (56.7%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (20%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	161.9 ± 12.6	I	18.6 ± 5.6	G
	3 (43.3%)			3 (80%)
M2 × P1	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	228.0 ± 12.1	ABCD	39.4 ± 7.9	A
M2 × P2	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	215.2 ± 18.2	FG	33.4 ± 6.7	B
M2 × P3	2 (3.3%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	234.0 ± 14.6	A	34.4 ± 7.7	B
	3 (96.7%)
M2 × P4	2 (3.3%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	214.2 ± 23.9	G	33.8 ± 6.5	B
	3 (96.7%)
M2 × P5	2 (13.3%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	158.7 ± 24.7	IJ	20.9 ± 6.4	G
	3 (86.7%)
M3 × P1	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	223.6 ± 11.8	BCDEF	28.7 ± 6.9	DEF
M3 × P2	2 (3.3%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	225.2 ± 18.7	ABCDE	33.2 ± 7.4	BC
	3 (96.7%)
M3 × P3	2 (3.3%)	1 (56.7%)	2 (100%)	2 (6.7%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	216.6 ± 22.3	EFG	27.0 ± 8.4	EF
	3 (96.7%)	2 (43.3%)		3 (93.3%)
M3 × P4	3 (100%)	1 (3.3%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	198.8 ± 9.9	H	25.6 ± 8.6	F
		2 (96.7%)
M3 × P5	1 (3.3%)	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	3 (100%)	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	151.6 ± 22.3	J	17.2 ± 5.1	GH
	2 (20%)
	3 (76.7%)

Morphology of “Nongxing 80 days” (M1), “Wansheng rape” (M2), “Edible rape” (M3), “Deza oil No. 18” (P1), “Gueiza No. 4” (P2), “Zhong oil No. 36” (P3), “Wan oil No. 25” (P4), “FTHEB 1001” (P5) varieties, and the resultant F₁ hybrids were investigated in the field
^aRosette and stem leaf colour were grouped by RHS Colour Chart: 1 (shine green/143A), 2 (dull green/138B), and 3 (dark green/137A or N137A)
^bLobed leaf and wax texture were indicated as 1 (absent) or 2 (present)
^cPlant height were investigated in full flower
^dBlooming period were recoded from the first flowering to wilting of all flowers
^ePercentage in the parentheses indicated the number of observed morphology divided by the total observation number (n = 30)
^fMean ± standard error (n = 30). Means within each column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different at 5% level by Fisher’s protected least significant difference test

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