Fig. 5

Chronograms of Ludwigia sect. Isnardia based on the subset of ITS region with divergence time estimates adopting the substitution rates of ITS (O’Kane 1993) and secondary calibration point at the crown node of Onagraceae following (a) Zhang et al. (2021) or (b) Gonçalves et al. (2020). The arrows indicate the crown nodes of Isnardia. Sample numbers (Additional file 1), ploidy levels (Table 1), and genome types (Table 1) are shown right after the taxa. Stars at nodes indicate the posterior probabilities (pp) only if the pp at the nodes is greater than 0.90. When the pp at the nodes is greater than 0.95, the double star notations are denoted. Numbers at nodes show the median estimated divergence times (MYA) with 95% credible intervals in the brackets. The smears around the nodes display the uncertainty of the estimated divergence times