Table 1 Climbing methods of different climber families in Taiwan
Family | TSd | TSs | TMS | TPD | TTL | TLt | TLp | TPI | PB | SS | AR | HG | TPD + SS | TSd + TSs | TSd + AR | TSs + SS | TPI + AR | TSd + SS | TMS + AR | HG + SS | TSd + TSs + SS | SP no | CM no |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Acanthaceae | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 1 |
2 Actinidiaceae | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 1 |
3 Amaranthaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
4 Anacardiaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
5 Annonaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 3 | 2 |
6 Apocynaceae | 27 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 33 | 4 |
7 Araceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | 1 |
8 Araliaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 2 |
9 Arecaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 |
10 Aristolochiaceae | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 1 |
11 Asparagaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
12 Asteraceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | 2 |
13 Basellaceae | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 |
14 Bignoniaceae | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 |
15 Campanulaceae | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 2 |
16 Cannabaceae | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
17 Capparaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 1 |
18 Caprifoliaceae | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 1 |
19 Celastraceae | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | 2 |
20 Combretaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
21 Connaraceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 |
22 Convolvulaceae | 54 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 58 | 2 |
23 Cucurbitaceae | – | – | 31 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 32 | 2 |
24 Dioscoreaceae | 6 | 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | 1 | – | – | – | 14 | 4 |
25 Elaeagnaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | 1 |
26 Euphorbiaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
27 Fabaceae | 68 | 1 | 1 | – | 8 | – | – | – | 1 | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 85 | 6 |
28 Flagellariaceae | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
29 Gentianaceae | – | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | 2 |
30 Gesneriaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
31 Heliotropiaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
32 Hernandiaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
33 Hydrangeaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | 1 |
34 Lamiaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 2 |
35 Lardizabalaceae | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 1 |
36 Lauraceae | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 |
37 Loganiaceae | 2 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 2 |
38 Malpighiaceae | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 1 |
39 Malvaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
40 Melastomataceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 |
41 Menispermaceae | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | 1 |
42 Moraceae | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | 3 |
43 Nyctaginaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 |
44 Oleaceae | 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | 1 |
45 Opiliaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
46 Pandanaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
47 Passifloraceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | 1 |
48 Phyllanthaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
49 Piperaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | 2 |
50 Polygonaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 3 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 3 |
51 Primulaceae | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 3 | 3 |
52 Ranunculaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | 21 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 21 | 1 |
53 Rhamnaceae | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | 3 |
54 Rosaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 46 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 46 | 1 |
55 Rubiaceae | 4 | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | 1 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 18 | 5 |
56 Rutaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 1 |
57 Sabiaceae | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 |
58 Sapindaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
59 Schisandraceae | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 1 |
60 Smilacaceae | – | – |  | 15 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 23 | 2 |
61 Solanaceae | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 2 |
62 Stachyuraceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
63 Stemonaceae | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
64 Urticaceae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
65 Vitaceae | – | – |  |  | – | – | – | 26 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | – | 29 | 3 |
Σ Families | 21 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |  |  |
Σ Species | 217 | 38 | 33 | 15 | 10 | 1 | 23 | 36 | 7 | 104 | 36 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 555 |  |
% | 39.1 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 4.1 | 6.5 | 1.3 | 18.7 | 6.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 100 | Â |