Table 5 List of orders and families of Taiwan climbers that possess climbing strategies

Alismatales

AR

Araceae

AR

–

AR

Apiales

SS,AR

Araliaceae

SS,AR

–

–

Arecales

HG

Arecaceae

HG

–

HG

Asparagales

SS + TSs

Asparagaceae

SS + TSs

TLt

–

Asterales

TSd + TSs,TSd,SS

Asteraceae

TSd + TSs,TSd,SS

TLp,TTL,TLt,TLm

SS,TLp

Campanulaceae

TSd + TSs,TSd

TLp

–

Austrobaileyales

TSs

Schisandraceae

TSs

–

–

Boraginales

SS

Heliotropiaceae

SS

–

–

Brassicales

SS

Capparaceae

SS

–

–

Caryophyllales

SS,TSd,TPI,

Amaranthaceae

SS

–

–

TSd + TSs

Basellaceae

TSd

–

–

Nyctaginaceae

SS

–

–

Polygonaceae

TPI,SS,TSd + TSs

TPI,TMS

–

Celastrales

TSd,AR

Celastraceae

TSd,AR

TMS

PB

Cornales

AR

Hydrangeaceae

AR

–

–

Crossosomatales

SS

Stachyuraceae

SS

–

–

Cucurbitales

TMS

Cucurbitaceae

TMS

SSC,TMS,TMS + AR

TT

Dioscoreales

TSd,TSs, TSd + SS,TSs + SS

Dioscoreaceae

TSd,TSs,TSd + SS, TSs + SS

–

–

Dipsacales

TSs

Caprifoliaceae

TSs

–

–

Ericales

SS + TSd + TSs, TSd,TSs

Actinidiaceae

TSd

–

–

Primulaceae

SS + TSd + TSs, TSd,TSs

–

–

Fabales

TSd,SS, PB,TTL,TMS,TSs

Fabaceae

TSd,SS,PB, TTL,TMS,TSs

TTL,WLT,TMS

PB,SS,

Gentianales

TSd,AR,SS, AR + TSd,TSs, TMS,HG

Apocynaceae

TSd,AR, AR + TSd,

TPI,TIA,TWI

TSd,TPI

Gentianaceae

TSs,SS

–

–

Loganiaceae

TSd,TMS

TMS

TMS

Rubiaceae

TSd,TSs,AR,

–

–

SS,HG

–

HG

Lamiales

TSd,TTL,AR,SS,

Acanthaceae

TSd

–

–

TSd + TSs

Bignoniaceae

TTL

TTL,TT

TT,TLp

Gesneriaceae

AR

–

–

Lamiaceae

SS,TSd + TSs

–

–

Oleaceae

TSd

–

–

Laurales

TLp,TSd

Hernandiaceae

TLp

TLp

–

Lauraceae

TSd

–

–

Liliales

TPD + SS,TPD

Smilacaceae

TPD + SS,TPD

TPD

TPD

Magnoliales

HG + SS,PB

Annonaceae

HG + SS,PB

PB

–

Malpighiales

SS,TSd,TPI

Euphorbiaceae

SS

–

TSd

Malpighiaceae

TSd

–

TSd

Passifloraceae

TPI

TPI

–

Phyllanthaceae

SS

–

–

Malvales

SS

Malvaceae

SS

–

SS

Myrtales

TSd + SS

Combretaceae

TSd + SS

–

–

Oxalidales

PB

Connaraceae

PB

TMS

PB

Piperales

TSd,AR,SS

Aristolochiaceae

TSd

–

TSd

Piperaceae

AR,SS

–

AR

Pandanales

TSd,AR

Pandanaceae

AR

–

–

Stemonaceae

TSd

–

–

Poales

TLt

Flagellariaceae

TLt

TLt

–

Proteales

TSd

Sabiaceae

TSd

–

–

Ranunculales

TSd,TLp

Lardizabalaceae

TSd

–

–

Menispermaceae

TSd

TLp

TSd

Ranunculaceae

TLp

TLp

TLp

Rosales

TSs,SS,AR, TSd,PB

Cannabaceae

TSs

–

SS

Elaeagnaceae

SS

–

–

Moraceae

AR,SS,TSd

–

–

Rhamnaceae

TSs,SS,PB

PB,TPI

TT

Rosaceae

SS

–

–

Urticaceae

AR

–

–

Santalales

SS

Opiliaceae

SS

–

–

Sapindales

AR,SS,TPI

Anacardiaceae

AR

–

–

Rutaceae

SS

–

–

Sapindaceae

TPI

TPI

TT

Solanales

TSd,TSs,TLp,SS

Convolvulaceae

TSd,SS

–

–

Solanaceae

TSs,TLp

–

TLp,SS,AR

Vitales

AR,TPI, TPI + AR

Vitaceae

AR,TPI, TPI + AR

TPI,TLr,TPI + AR

TPI + AR