Table 1 Effect of different media types and combinations and concentrations of PGRs on direct regeneration from anther culture in Orobelle

M1

MS + 4 mg/L NAA + 1 mg/L BAP

1.85 ± 0.02^a

13.80 ± 0.16^e₂

2.92 ± 0.03^a

2.55 ± 0.06^a

M2

MS + 4 mg/L NAA + 0.1 mg/L BAP

0.94 ± 0.02^b

15.40 ± 0.15^d₂

2.12 ± 0.003^b

1.58 ± 0.01^b

M3

MS + 4 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L BAP

0.84 ± 0.02^b

17.84 ± 0.33^c₂

1.87 ± 0.02^c

1.22 ± 0.003^c

M4

MS + 5 mg/L NAA + 0.1 mg/L BAP + 0.05 mg/L biotin

0.59 ± 0.02^cd

22.74 ± 0.58^a₂

0.71 ± 0.00^f

0.71 ± 0.00^d

M5

MS + 5 mg/L NAA + 1 mg/L BAP + 0.05 mg/L folic acid

0.49 ± 0.02^cd

21.34 ± 0.16^b₂

0.71 ± 0.00^f

0.71 ± 0.00^d

M6

B5 + 4 mg/L NAA + 1 mg/L BAP

0.84 ± 0.02^b

14.90 ± 0.01^d₂

1.58 ± 0.006^d

1.22 ± 0.003^c

M7

B5 + 4 mg/L NAA + 0.1 mg/L BAP

0.78 ± 0.02^b

13.98 ± 0.04^e₂

1.58 ± 0.006^d

1.22 ± 0.003^c

M8

B5 + 4 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L BAP

0.62 ± 0.02^c

12.56 ± 0.22^f₂

1.22 ± 0.007^e

0.71 ± 0.00^d

M9

B5 + 4 mg/L NAA + 0.1 mg/L BAP + 1 g/L glutamine

0.51 ± 0.02 ^cd

15.36 ± 0.26^d₂

0.71 ± 0.00^f

0.71 ± 0.00^d

M10

B5 + 4 mg/L NAA + 1 mg/L BAP + 1 g/L glutamine

0.46 ± 0.02^de

14.97 ± 0.03^d₂

1.23 ± 0.00^e

0.71 ± 0.00^d

M11

Double layer media—MS + 2%sucrose, 0.5% activated charcoal, gelrite- 2.6 g/L, Liquid upper layer contained half strength MS + 2% sucrose

0.37 ± 0.02^ef

10.56 ± 0.03^g₂

0.71 ± 0.00^f

0.71 ± 0.00^d

M12

Double layer media—Nistch medium, Maltose- 2%, Activated Charcoal – 0.5%, gelrite- 2.6 g/L, Liquid top layer consists of Nistch medium and 2% maltose

0.32 ± 0.02^f

9.50 ± 0.03^h₂

0.71 ± 0.00^f

0.71 ± 0.00^d

CV

3.24

1.18

1.41

0.68