Photosynthetic parameters | Conventional agriculture (CA) | Sod culture (SC) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spring | Summer | Fall | Winter | Spring | Summer | Fall | Winter | ||
Rd (μmol CO2 m− 2 s− 1) | 1.86a | 1.23c | 1.49b | 1.28c | 0.57f | 0.76e | 1.03d | 1.03d | |
Qy (CO2/ PPFD) | 0.04a | 0.03b | 0.02c | 0.02c | 0.04a | 0.03b | 0.03b | 0.03b | |
LCP (μmol PPFD m− 2 s− 1) | 49.38c | 39.88d | 61.10a | 54.03bc | 11.66f | 24.17e | 27.88e | 35.05d | |
Amax (μmol CO2 m− 2 s− 1) | 10.43b | 8.05cd | 6.46e | 6.16e | 18.82a | 9.85b | 8.36cd | 7.16d | |
Fv/Fm | 0.76a | 0.74c | 0.74c | 0.73d | 0.76a | 0.75b | 0.75b | 0.75b |