Fig. 5

The growth of hydroponically grown ice plants after infection by A. rhizogenes strains. a Root length of mock control, A. rhizogenes A8196- or NCPPB 1855-infected plants was measured every week for 8 weeks. *P < 0.05 comparing A. rhizogenes-infected plants and mock control based on pairwise Student t-test. b Fresh weight of roots and aerial parts (leaf) of infected plants measured after 8-week infection. About 16–20 ice plants were infected with each A. rhizogenes strain for each independent transformation assay. Average values of the fresh weights from at least three independent experiments. Error bars were calculated using Excel STDEVP function. *P < 0.05 comparing A. rhizogenes-infected plants and mock control based on pairwise Student t-test. The representative root (c) and aerial tissues (d) of plants infiltrated with mock control, A. rhizogenes A8196 or NCPPB 1855 (from left to right) after 8-week treatments. Bar = 50 μm. NaCl solution used to wash and resuspend bacteria was the mock control